Research on Bakoni Ruins of South Africa Debunks Colonial Perceptions of Primitivism

There are many Bakoni ruins around the modern town of Machadodorp in South Africa’s Mpumalanga Province, most of them situated on the hills above the town.

The slopes here are covered with terraces made from stone walls and forming a large complex that also consists of settlements, fields and roads.

The ruins clearly prove that African agriculture, prior to the arrival of European colonialists, was far from being the rudimentary system the Europeans believed it to be.

Historian Professor Peter Delius and archaeologist Dr Alex Schoeman from The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, believe the ruins at Bakoni to be evidence of advanced technological and agricultural innovation, long before the colonial era.


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