The Vietnamese army (PAVN) still operates a modernized version of the Soviet-era T-54 MBT, hence its designation of T-54M. Local modernization of the T-54s had been carried out at state-owned Factory Z153 as early as 2016 though an older prototype T-54M3 was around since 2012.
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| Several of the Vietnamese army's T-54M MBTs parked at a tank gunnery range. (Picture source: Facebook page of VietDefense/Nguyen Duc Ngoc) |

