As early as the 13th century, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux sheltered a large Jewish community of around 70 families. Nestled in the heart of the medieval city, between the market square and the Episcopal palace, the memory of this quarter, or “quarry” persists through the name “Jewry Street”. It was composed of a few small, well delimited, streets that were closed each evening. During the Middle Ages, the city was an Episcopal center under the dominion of the Holy Roman Empire.
Credit: Inrap |
The presence in this quarter of a perpetually flooded cellar is today interpreted as the potential location of a mikveh. This small (7 by 4 meters), vaulted and partially buried construction contains a groundwater emergence point. The bath would have consisted of a shallow pool. The construction forms and techniques could correspond to the configurations of Medieval mikvaots.
The building has since been modified several times. The cellar was used to store bottles, for example (the archaeologists collected more than 600 of them), and anomalies suggest a later, more complex, modification. A diverticulum and the existence of a walled, partially masked, opening suggest architectural alterations that were masked by later transformations. The could be the remains of spaces associated with the mikveh and necessary for its functioning (dressing room, stairway access, etc...).
Credit: Inrap |
A Hebrew Torah ark recorded in 1710 in a house in the quarter, known as the “tower house”, is this only monument of this kind in France. It consists of a stone armoire in which the Torah scrolls are kept in the synagogue. It is today exhibited in the Tricastin Archaeological Museum. The “tower house” is the subject of a preliminary study that aims to understand the chronological and functional evolution of the edifice.
Understanding the historical importance of this quarter, the city of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux has acquired, since 1990, a large area of dwellings with the aim of rehabilitating them and valorizing this “tower house”, dated to the 15th and 16th centuries, and returning the Holy Ark to its original location.
Credit: Inrap |
To preserve and valorize this heritage, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux is rehabilitating this quarter.
Source: Inrap [December 14, 2017]